Highlights
- •Our goal is to find ways for intra-operative tissue differentiation.
- •Suitability of non-destructive XRF analysis has been demonstrated experimentally.
- •Experiments were conducted on bovine parathyroid and six neighbouring tissues.
- •Contents of microelements in seven bovine neck tissues have been measured.
- •Microelemental data for parathyroid and salivary gland were not previously published.
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of using X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-based trace-element
analysis for differentiation of various bovine neck tissues. It is motivated by the
requirement for an intra-operative in-vivo method for identifying parathyroid glands, particularly beneficial in surgery in
the central neck-compartment. Using a dedicated X-ray spectral analysis, we examined
ex-vivo XRF spectra from various histologically verified fresh neck tissues from cow, which
was chosen as the animal model; these tissues included fat, muscle, thyroid, parathyroid,
lymph nodes, thymus and salivary gland. The data for six trace elements K, Fe, Zn,
Br, Rb and I, provided the basis for tissue identification by using multi-parameter
analysis of the recorded XRF spectra. It is shown that the combination of XRF signals
from these elements is sufficient for a reliable tissue differentiation. The average
total abundance of these trace elements was evaluated in each tissue type, including
parathyroid and salivary gland for the first time. It is shown that some tissues can
unequivocally be identified on the basis of the abundance of a single element, for
example, iodine and zinc for the identification of thyroid gland and muscle, respectively.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 09, 2015
Accepted:
January 22,
2015
Received in revised form:
January 21,
2015
Received:
October 7,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
