Highlights
- •We developed a dynamic deformable thorax phantom for DIR commissioning and QA.
- •Our phantom can create various deformation patterns with various marker patterns.
- •DIR results with different marker settings and DIR parameters were obtained using this phantom.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel dynamic deformable thorax phantom
for deformable image registration (DIR) quality assurance (QA) and to verify as a
tool for commissioning and DIR QA.
The phantom consists of a base phantom, an inner phantom, and a motor-derived piston.
The base phantom is an acrylic cylinder phantom with a diameter of 180 mm. The inner
phantom consists of deformable, 20 mm thick disk-shaped sponges. To evaluate the physical
characteristics of the phantom, we evaluated its image quality and deformation. DIR
accuracies were evaluated using the three types of commercially DIR software (MIM,
RayStation, and Velocity AI) to test the feasibility of this phantom. We used different
DIR parameters to test the impact of parameters on DIR accuracy in various phantom
settings. To evaluate DIR accuracy, a target registration error (TRE) was calculated
using the anatomical landmark points.
The three locations (i.e., distal, middle, and proximal positions) had different displacement
amounts. This result indicated that the inner phantom was not moved but deformed.
In cases with different phantom settings and marker settings, the ranges of the average
TRE were 0.63–15.60 mm (MIM). In cases with different DIR parameters settings, the
ranges of the average TRE were as follows: 0.73–7.10 mm (MIM), 8.25–8.66 mm (RayStation),
and 8.26–8.43 mm (Velocity). These results suggest that our phantom could evaluate
the detailed DIR behaviors with TRE. Therefore, this is indicative of the potential
usefulness of our phantom in DIR commissioning and QA.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 18, 2020
Accepted:
August 7,
2020
Received in revised form:
August 7,
2020
Received:
April 16,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
