Highlights
- •G-value was simulated with varying incoming electron energies and phantom sizes.
- •G-value of hydrated electrons decreases with increasing cluster size and LET.
- •GEANT4-DNA G-value simulations can be used for clinically relevant energies.
Abstract
In hydrated electron (e−aq) dosimetry, absorbed radiation dose to water is measured by monitoring the concentration
of radiation-induced e−aq. However, to obtain accurate dose, the radiation chemical yield of e−aq, G(e−aq), is needed for the radiation quality/setup under investigation. The aim of this study
was to investigate the time-evolution of the G-values for the main generated reactive
species during water radiolysis using GEANT4-DNA. The effects of cluster size and
linear energy transfer (LET) on G(e−aq) were examined. Validity of GEANT4-DNA for calculation of G(e−aq) for clinically relevant energies was studied. Three scenarios were investigated with
different phantom sizes and incoming electron energies (1 keV to 1 MeV). The time
evolution of G(e−aq) was in good agreement with published data and did not change with decreasing phantom
size. The time-evolution of the G-values increases with increasing LET for all radiolytic
species. The particle tracks formed with high-energy electrons are separated and the
resulting reactive species develop independently in time. With decreasing energy,
the mean separation distance between reactive species decreases. The particle tracks
might not initially overlap but will overlap shortly thereafter due to diffusion of
reactive species, increasing the probability of e−aq recombination with other species. This also explains the decrease of G(e−aq) with cluster size and LET. Finally, if all factors are kept constant, as the incoming
electron energy increases to clinically relevant energies, G(e−aq) remains similar to its value at 1 MeV, hence GEANT4-DNA can be used for clinically
relevant energies.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 16, 2023
Accepted:
February 1,
2023
Received in revised form:
January 29,
2023
Received:
May 16,
2022
Identification
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© 2023 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica e Sanitaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
